You, of course, need to have docker installed.

Download the Postgres image.

$ docker pull postgres

This will pull the latest version of the database available. If you want a different version you can specify it changing the word postgres for postgres:9.6 in this case to get the version 9.6.

Start the container

docker run --name  pg-local -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=pgpassword  -d -p 5432:5432 -v $HOME/Documents/docker/db_vol/postgres:/var/lib/postgresql/data  postgres:9.6

pg-local is the name of the container.

pgpassword is going to be the postgres user password inside the container.